Wetting agents increase the spreading and penetrating properties of a liquid by lowering its surface tension. The surface tension of a liquid is the tendency of the molecules to adhere to each other at the surface, and is determined by the strength of the bonds or attraction between the liquid molecules. A wetting agent stretches these bonds and decreases the tendency of molecules to bond together, which allows the liquid to spread more easily across any solid surface. Wetting agents can be made up of a variety of chemicals, all of which have this tension-lowering effect and are often known as surfactants.

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